Lesson 28 (intermediate)
This is lesson 28 of
“Tajweed Guide to Read Right book, part 1”
The book Available at :- Amazon
lesson 28, النَّبْر
or The Accent in Quran,
Tajweed guide book 1
The
accent النبر
in recitation of the Glorious Qur'an
The accent ( النبر) is defined in the modern study of
sounds as: Pressure on a part or a
specific letter of the word, so that its sound is a little louder than that of
the juxtaposed letters.
This accent ( النبر)
varies from language to language, and from dialect to dialect. An
important thing to note here is that in as far as the Qur’anic recitation goes
the term نبر is
a modern term describing what occurs in recitation passed down through generations
from the mouth of the Prophet (peace be
upon him). Making an “accent” at the places that will be described
necessary by all certified scholars of the Qur’an, but the actual term may be
different.
In the Glorious Qur’an the نبر is noted,
and Allah knows best, in the complete rules of recitation in six different
circumstances.
The first circumstance of the accent
نبرin recitation
The accent نبر remains When continuing &
When stopping
There are two cases:
1. This case occurs when pronouncing any
Waw و or Ya ي that has a shaddah
Examples: حُـيِّيتُم , القُوَّة , قَوَّامُون , شَرقِيَّة
There is a نبر in these
cases due to the possibility of incorrectly reciting a medd (lengthening) or
lengthening the leen. In the example of القُوَّة and
شَرقِيَّة the
و and ي are preceded by a vowel of its own
category, meaning the و is
preceded by a dhammah, and the ي is
preceded by a kasrah. There is no lengthening here, and to avoid it, the و and ي are read with an accent ( نبر), making clear to the listener that there
is no lengthening. Pressure on the letter cuts short its time, and
therefore excludes the possibility of lengthening it. The same can be
said of the و and
ي that have a shaddah and are
preceded by a fath, as in قَوَّامُون, and سَيَّارَة.
Fear of the reader creating an inappropriate lengthened leen letter
necessitates a نَبر.
2- Any Shaddah letter
after Madd Lazem الْحَرْف الْمُشَدَّد بَعْد الْمَد اللازِم
This occurs when changing over from
a medd letter to the first letter of a shaddah. The saakin letter occurs
with تَصَادُمand the mouth was busy emitting the lengthened letter, so
then it is necessary at the change over from the medd to the saakin letter that
occurs after it, we put an accent ( نبر) in our recital to facilitate this change over.
This نبر allows us to
comply with reciting the saakin letter with تَصَادُم (with collision) that leaves an
acoustical mark. The saakin letter then makes its presence known quite
clearly. If the تَصَادُم (collision) is weak the letter is
then pronounced with a weak sound to such a degree that it may not even be
heard. This is often heard from some people when they recite
وَلَا الضَّآلِّينَ, with one ل with a kasrah on it instead of the two written ل , the first saakinah, the second with a vowel; this mistake of pronouncing only one ل is due to not making the نبر. Other examples of this the third circumstance of the نبر are in:
وَلَا الضَّآلِّينَ, with one ل with a kasrah on it instead of the two written ل , the first saakinah, the second with a vowel; this mistake of pronouncing only one ل is due to not making the نبر. Other examples of this the third circumstance of the نبر are in:
In all these cases there is a medd
letter followed by a shaddah, and we need to make an accent, or raise our
voices slightly at the end of the medd, to make sure we pronounce both parts of
the shaddah, the saakin letter and voweled letter.
The cases of نَبر in number 3
and 4 remains when stopping but not when continuing
2-ثَابِت وَقْفًاوَسَاقِط وَصْلًا
3- Stopping on a Hamzah preceded by a
Madd or Leen letter
This occurs when stopping on a word
that has a hamzah as the last letter preceded by a medd letter or leen
letter. The reason for النبر here
is so that the hamzah is not lost after the mouth was busy emitting the medd or
leen letter. Remember, we do not stop on the hamzah with a sukoon when
there is a tanween with a fathah on the hamzah when it is the last letter of
the word; instead we stop with a مَد العِوَض, so there would be no نبر then.
Eample : السَّمَآء , شَـيْء
4- Stopping on a word that that has
a shaddah on the last letter.
Examples: فَطَلٌّ, الْحـَىُّ
,
فَمُسْتَقَرٌّ, وَبَثّ
All of these are examples where the
last letter of the word has a shaddah. We know that a shaddah on a letter
indicates that the letter is divided in to two letters as far as formation of
the letters goes. The first is formed by collision (تَصَادُم ) of the two articulation bodies ,
where as the second is formed by separation
( تباعُد) of the two articulating bodies; this is when the reader is continuing reading and not stopping on the word. When stopping on a word like this, we stop with one saakin letter, meaning this letter is formed by collision (تَصَادُم ) of the two articulating bodies. It is then as if one letter has been dropped from the reading. It is for this reason that the learned reciters of the Qur’an warn of the necessity of an accent on this last letter, actually beginning on the letter preceding it, to point out to the listener that this one letter, is actually two. We drop the vowel of the last letter of a word when stopping, but do not eliminate the letter.
( تباعُد) of the two articulating bodies; this is when the reader is continuing reading and not stopping on the word. When stopping on a word like this, we stop with one saakin letter, meaning this letter is formed by collision (تَصَادُم ) of the two articulating bodies. It is then as if one letter has been dropped from the reading. It is for this reason that the learned reciters of the Qur’an warn of the necessity of an accent on this last letter, actually beginning on the letter preceding it, to point out to the listener that this one letter, is actually two. We drop the vowel of the last letter of a word when stopping, but do not eliminate the letter.
An
exception to the نَبْر in
this case are the noon and meem with shaddah on them. These two letters with a
shaddah have the most complete ghunnah. This long ghunnah lets the
listener know that there are two letters. Stopping on the word
لَكِنِ is
therefore different than stopping on the word لَكِنَّ and stopping on كَانَ is
different than stopping on الجَانَّ , so as stated, there is no need for an
accent (نَبْر ) in the case of stopping on a word that ends with a نnoon or مmeem with a shaddah
Another
exception, Allah knows best, is stopping on a qalqalah letter that has a
shaddah. When stopping on a word ending with a qalqalah letter with a
shaddah, both letters of the shaddah are pronounced. Examples are in the
following words: الحَقُّ and وَتَبَّ
When stopping on either of these
words both ب and both ق are pronounced. The first ب in the word وَتَبَّ is pronounced with a sukoon, and the
second is pronounce with a qalqalah. The same can be said about the two ق in the word الحَقُّ. The نَبْر is then left out in this case.
The cases
of نَبر in number 5 and 6 remains when continuing but not when stopping
3- ثَابِت وَصْلًاوَسَاقِط وَقْفًا
5- Waw Leneyah Which is merged into the voiled Waw
Eample
: عَصَوا وَّكَانُوا
ءاوَوا وَّنَصَرُوا
6-
An Alif of the dual form that was dropped due to
The Arabic rule“forbidding 2 Sakin letters To
be recited together
This circumstance encompasses three
different words in three specific locations in the Qur’an, when these words are
read in continuation with the following word. These three words are all
past tense verbs in the double form of the verb (which is an alif) followed by
a sukoon. The نَبْر is needed in these three places so the meaning of the
verse is not confused. The نَبْر is an indication that there is an
alif indicating a double present, but it was dropped in pronunciation due to
the Arabic rule forbidding two saakin juxtaposed letters to be recited
together. Without the نَبْر , the listener may think the verb is
male singular instead of male double. The نَبْر is used only when reciting these words in continuum
with the next word, when stopping on the verbs the alif indicating a double is
then pronounced because there is no longer the meeting of two saakin letters
and there is no need for the نَبْر since the reason for it has
disappeared.
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